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Mary Sidney
Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (née Sidney; 27 October 1561 – 25 September 1621) was one of the first English women to achieve a major reputation for her poetry and literary patronage. By the age of 39, she was listed with her brother Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, and William Shakespeare, as one of the notable authors of her time in the verse miscellany by John Bodenham, ''Belvedere''. The influence of her ''Antonius'' is widely recognized: it stimulated a revived interest in the soliloquy based on classical models, and was a likely source (among others) for both the 1594 closet drama ''Cleopatra'' by Samuel Daniel and Shakespeare’s ''Antony and Cleopatra'' (1607).〔Both dramas portray the lovers as "heroic victims of their own passionate excesses and remorseless destiny" (David Bevington, Introduction to Antony and Cleopatra (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990) p. 7; ISBN 0-521-27250-5).〕 Sidney was also known for her translation of Petrarch's "Triumph of Death", but it is her lyric translation of the Psalms that has secured her poetic reputation.
==Family==
Mary Sidney was born at Tickenhill Palace, Bewdley, Worcestershire on 27 October 1561. She was one of four daughters of Sir Henry Sidney and Mary Dudley, the daughter of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. As a child, she spent much time at court, where her mother was Gentlewoman of the Privy Chamber and a close confidante of Queen Elizabeth I. Like her brother, Philip Sidney, she received a humanist education, which included classical languages, French, Italian, music and needlework.
Following the death of Mary's youngest sister, Ambrosia, in 1575, the queen wrote for Mary to return to court to join the queen's entourage. In 1577, Mary's uncle Robert Dudley helped Sir Henry Sidney arrange her marriage to their close ally, Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. As Countess of Pembroke, Mary was responsible for a number of estates including Ramsbury, Ivychurch (Alderbury, Wilts),〔R.B. Pugh & E. Crittall (eds), "Houses of Augustinian canons: Priory of Ivychurch", ''A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 3'' (1956), pp. 289-295 (Read here ).〕 Wilton House and Baynard's Castle, London, where it is known that they entertained Queen Elizabeth to dinner. She and Pembroke had four children: William, later third earl of Pembroke (1580); Katherine (1581); Anne (1583); and Philip (1584). Philip became the 4th Earl of Pembroke on his brother's death in 1630. These sons are the "Incomparable Pair" to whom Shakespeare's ''First Folio'' is dedicated.
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